THE IKCAHS AOT> PBE-IHCAHS 299
their racial customs, even if they were united in
a confederation. The remains show cultural
and racial differences; the types of architecture vary
in different places; and the burial customs were often
distinct even within an area of a few miles. In some
places the dead were interred in tombs in immense
mounds, in others the bodies were buried in the sand
of the desert3 in still others the graves were walled or
lined with stones, while in some localities the dead
were placed in stone tombs or even in caves. But
in one respect all were alike. All employed adobe
for building. Not a single stone edifice is known
in the entire district, and not a single stone idol,
image or monument of any size has yet been found*
In the more northerly sections the remains and
artifacts show a distinct Chimu influence; in the
south there are signs of Tiahuanacan influence;
but whether these outside influences were introduced
directly or indirectly it is impossible to say. But we
do know that at the time of the Spanish conquest the
entire area was under Incan domination; that the in-
habitants whom the Spaniards found in the Rinaac
and other coastal valleys were subjects of the Inca,
and that, in arts, customs and other respects they
were to all intents and purposes Incan.
Inland, in the Andes and on the trans-Andean pla-
teaus and valleys, there are innumerable ruins and
vast cemeteries, proving that these regions also were
inhabited by an immense population for incalculable
ages. But the ruined cities, the walls and the build-
ings of these areas differ strikingly from those near
the coast, inasmuch as they are all of stone. This
does not necessarily indicate that the people were of